The Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a comprehensive assessment of the physical science basis of climate change. It considers in situ and remote observations; paleoclimate information; understanding of climat…
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) conducted a benefit-risk assessment for Moderna's COVID vaccine mRNA-1273 prior to its full approval, announced 1/31/2022. The FDA's assessment focused on males of ages 18-64 years because the agency's risk analysis was limited to vaccine-attribut…
mRNA-based vaccines have become a major focus in the pharmaceutical industry. The coding sequence as well as the Untranslated Regions (UTRs) of an mRNA can strongly influence translation efficiency, stability, degradation, and other factors that collectively determine a vaccine's effectiveness. Howe…
Regulation of mRNA decay is a critical component of global cellular adaptation to changing environments. The corresponding changes in mRNA lifetimes can be coordinated with changes in mRNA transcription rates to fine-tune gene expression. Current approaches for measuring mRNA lifetimes can give rise…
Over the past 150 years, vaccines have revolutionized the relationship between people and disease. During the COVID-19 pandemic, technologies such as mRNA vaccines have received attention due to their novelty and successes. However, more traditional vaccine development platforms have also yielded im…
In this chapter we review the current theoretical state of the art of small black holes at the LHC. We discuss the production mechanism for small non thermal black holes at the LHC and discuss new signatures due to a possible discrete mass spectrum of these black holes.…
In the last decade, a combination of high sensitivity, high spatial resolution observations and of coordinated multi-wavelength surveys has revolutionized our view of extra-galactic black hole (BH) astrophysics. We now know that supermassive black holes reside in the nuclei of almost every galaxy, g…
In a recent paper hep-th/0008140 by E. Verlinde, an interesting formula has been put forward, which relates the entropy of a conformal formal field in arbitrary dimensions to its total energy and Casimir energy. This formula has been shown to hold for the conformal field theories that have AdS duals…
We present Tierkreis, a higher-order dataflow graph program representation and runtime designed for compositional, quantum-classical hybrid algorithms. The design of the system is motivated by the remote nature of quantum computers, the need for hybrid algorithms to involve cloud and distributed com…
The recent development of quantum computing, which uses entanglement, superposition, and other quantum fundamental concepts, can provide substantial processing advantages over traditional computing. These quantum features help solve many complex problems that cannot be solved otherwise with conventi…